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A number of sensory-based interventions have been purported to assist with hyper- and hypo- sensory sensitivity including Ayres sensory integration therapy, auditory integration therapy, weighted blankets and sensory diets.

However, a recent umbrella review (Trembath et al. 2022) found that positive intervention effects were reported for certain intervention practices only, and even in those cases, were limited to select child and family outcomes and were not consistent across studies.

An alternative to focusing on the Autistic person’s sensory processing abilities is to identify strategies that can assist that person to navigate difficulty sensory environments and/or make changes to the environment so that the person’s sensory differences are catered for. As sensory differences vary markedly among Autistic people the first step is to develop an understanding of a person’s sensory differences. This can be achieved by asking the person and/or their parent/carer or support person about hyper- or hypo- responsiveness across each sensory modality and any strategies that can be helpful. Positive Partnerships has developed a Sensory Tool that can guide these conversations. Observations of a person’s behaviour and responses to sensory input in natural environments can also shed light on sensory needs.

Supports and strategies can then be put in place to minimise challenges related to sensory differences:

  • Use of noise-cancelling headphones, earplugs, sunglasses, or a hat to reduce sensory input.
  • Encourage research and planning when going to potentially difficult environments so as to anticipate potential sensory challenges and create plans (e.g. identify quiet areas) ahead of time.
  • Carry fidget items to provide soothing tactile input during overwhelming situations.
  • Set boundaries by communicating limits to others about sensory challenges, like avoiding hugs or loud spaces.
  • Recommend and facilitate any environmental modifications that are practical in the home, school or workplace environment, tailored to the person’s sensory needs. This may include dimming lights, creating quiet zones, limiting background noise, flexible seating options such as bean bags, minimising strong scents, allow flexible dress codes and minimising visual clutter.

An occupational therapist can conduct comprehensive assessments of sensory needs using standardised assessments. They can also help to develop individualised strategies to support a person’s sensory differences.

Assessment can include:

  • Asking the Autistic person and/or their parent/carers/support workers about their sensory needs. Standardised questionnaires such as the Sensory Profile
  • Observations of the person in natural settings.

Additional resources

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